Parkland formula.

• A. 2 mL/kg/%TBSA burn over 24 hours.
• B. 1 mL/kg/%TBSA burn over 48 hours.
• C. 6 mL/kg/%TBSA burn over 12 hours.
• D. 4 mL/kg/%TBSA burn calculated for first 24 hours; half given in first 8 hours from time of burn, remainder over next 16 hours; monitor urine output.

Answer: (D)

Fluid resuscitation for burn injuries is guided by the Parkland formula: 4 mL of Lactated Ringer’s solution per kilogram of body weight for each percent of total body surface area burned, to be given in the first 24 hours after the burn. Half of that total volume should be administered in the first 8 hours from the time of injury, and the remaining half over the next 16 hours. Urine output is the key measure to titrate the rate, with targets typically around 0.5 mL/kg/hr in adults (higher in children). This approach matches the option that specifies 4 mL/kg/%TBSA over 24 hours, with half in the first 8 hours and the rest over the following 16 hours, while monitoring urine output. The other choices differ in the per-kg per-% TBSA factor, the total time frame, or both, and do not align with Parkland's protocol.