Within LMNOP, what is encompassed by 'P'?

• A. Pain assessment using appropriate pain scale
• B. Pharmacologic sedation protocol
• C. Plasma glucose measurement
• D. Physical therapy referral

Answer: (A)

In LMNOP, the P stands for pain assessment. This means evaluating the patient’s pain and quantifying it with an appropriate pain scale so you can treat it and track changes over time. Use an age- and condition-appropriate tool—numerical scales for adults, FLACC or Wong-Baker for children, or observational cues for nonverbal patients. Establish a baseline, document it, and reassess after interventions to ensure relief. The other items listed aren’t part of this P component; they reflect separate aspects of care (sedation protocols, glucose monitoring, or therapy referrals) and are addressed through other parts of the plan.